PSV Eindhoven suffered a frustrating 1-0 defeat to RB Leipzig in the UEFA Champions League, with Brajan Gruda’s second-half strike settling an entertaining contest at the Red Bull Arena.

Peter Bosz’s side created several opportunities but failed to make their chances count. Ivan Perišić missed a first-half penalty, Sven Mijnans squandered a glorious opening after the break, and Leipzig goalkeeper Maarten Vandevoordt produced a series of important saves.

At the other end, Matej Kovář kept PSV in the contest with several outstanding stops before Gruda’s deflected effort finally broke the deadlock.

Here are three things we learned from PSV’s performance.

The biggest frustration for PSV will be the number of opportunities they failed to convert.

Perišić had the chance to put the visitors ahead from the penalty spot in the first half after Ridle Baku handled his cross inside the area. However, Vandevoordt used his trailing leg to keep out the Croatian’s right-footed effort.

It was a significant moment in a match that remained goalless at half-time.

PSV then missed another excellent opportunity shortly after the restart. Ruben van Bommel broke into the penalty area and cut the ball back to Mijnans, who had time and space to find the target but sent his first-time effort wide of the far post.

The visitors continued to threaten, with Vandevoordt denying Perišić and Sergiño Dest as PSV searched for an opener.

Those missed chances proved costly when Gruda scored in the second half. PSV did briefly believe they had equalised through Armando Obispo, but the defender's finish was ruled out for offside.

Against opponents of Leipzig's quality, PSV had to be more clinical. Their attacking play created opportunities, but the inability to convert them ultimately left Bosz's team empty-handed.

Despite the defeat, Kovář delivered an impressive performance in goal.

The PSV goalkeeper was called into action early, diving low to deny Baku's acrobatic volley. He later kept out Gruda following a dangerous run into the penalty area.

His best work came after the break, when Leipzig threatened to take control of the match. Kovář first denied Gruda with a sharp save before producing another remarkable stop to prevent Willi Orbán from scoring from close range.

He also kept out Romulo's effort early in the second half and responded well when Leipzig combined through Antonio Nusa.

Kovář could do little about Gruda's winning goal, which took a deflection off Perišić and flew into the top-left corner.

His performance prevented Leipzig from scoring earlier and gave PSV a chance to salvage something from the match. Without his interventions, the margin could have been greater.

PSV had spells of control, particularly during the first half, when they pressed Leipzig and restricted the hosts' possession. However, they struggled to maintain that control after the interval.

Leipzig began the second half aggressively, forcing Kovář into an early save before creating further opportunities through Gruda, Nkunku and Orbán.

The decisive goal came after PSV failed to clear Raum's corner effectively. Obispo's clearance reached Gruda on the edge of the area, allowing the Leipzig attacker to take a touch and shoot. The deflection off Perišić left Kovář with little chance.

The result extended PSV's unwanted Champions League run without a clean sheet to 18 matches, during which they have conceded 37 goals.

That record highlights a problem Bosz must address. PSV showed enough attacking quality to trouble Leipzig, but their inability to convert chances was compounded by another match without defensive security.

The late introduction of Mikkel Bro Hansen, who made his PSV debut, offered a glimpse of another attacking option, but it could not change the outcome.

PSV leave Germany without a point. Their performance contained encouraging passages, yet the missed penalty, wasted chances and continued defensive problems proved decisive.